Hodder Science catalogue 2024 - Flipbook - Page 13
Curriculum for Wales: 11-14
Student Books
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Inspire a new generation of capable and curious Welsh scientists. These
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and skills-based activities, ensuring that they’re ready for the next progression
step and promoting a sense of cynefin with Welsh-specific contexts.
• Improve working scientifically skills and prepare students for future lab work
with suggested practical activities
• Guide pupils through the trickier maths and literacy skills with key term
definitions, worked examples and step-by-step solutions
• Support a holistic approach with links to the other ‘what matters’
statements in the Science and Technology Area of Learning and Experience
(AoLE).
• Boost progress using summaries to recap prior knowledge, alongside
‘Check understanding in science’ questions to embed understanding
• Develop pupils’ curiosity and interest in science with Welsh-specific
examples and historical information
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Chemistry
Presenting data and drawing
Key terms are highlighted
and
explained clearly to
boost
students’ scientific Science
vocabulary.
skills
graphs
It is important that all data
collected during an experiment
table. The orst column in
is presented clearly in a results
the results table is always
for the independent variable.
Each column in the results
table must have a heading
for the name of the variable.
the variable has units, put
the correct units in brackets.
If
at the bottom because
Leave your table open-ended
you may not know how
many sets of results you
If you plan to take repeated
will take.
measurements for each
set of
columns your table needs
to show these repeats. More results, plan how many
calculations are needed,
columns may be necessary
for example calculation
if
of a mean.
Plotting graphs
A graph makes it easier
to see a trend or pattern
in the data.
The type of graph you choose
will depend on whether
the independent variable
continuous or not.
O
View sample
booklet
98
50
75
1
140
202
92
145
275
271
360
357
30 g 167, 40 g 204, 50 g
SFigure 20 Eirin’s data.
16
16
laminate
flooring
decking
decking
(wet)
239
deep pile
carpet
WFigure 21 A bar
graph, chosen because
the independent
variable (type of
surface) is a noncontinuous variable.
You should always label
the x and y-axes with the
names of the variables and
the units in brackets. The
put
independent variable is
placed on the x-axis and
dependent variable on
the
the y-axis. On a bar chart,
write the name of each
the centre of the bar.
category in
Choose a scale for each
axis that makes it easy to
plot the points. For example,
the divisions on the graph
label
paper at intervals of 1, 2,
5, 10, 20, 50 or 100. Always
the scale regular so the
keep
intervals between the graph
lines have equal values.
Scatter graphs
A scatter graph will show
if there is a relationship
between two continuous
If there is a clear pattern,
variables.
you can draw a line of best
ot. This could be a straight
line or a curved line. The
steepness of the line shows
how quickly the pattern
changing.
is
Worked examples support
development of literacy, students’
numeracy
and digital competency
, taking them
step-by-step through
questions.
Try free for 30 days!
Key term
Line of best fit – a
straight or curved line
drawn to pass through
or as close to as many
plotted points as possible.
It best represents the true
relationship between the
two variables.
17
9781398346758.indb
Return to the contents page
Making links
Type of surface
Band 1; 10 g 112, 20 g 137,
30 g 168, 40 g 206, 50
g 243
Band 2; 10 g 113, 20 g 136,
30 g 166, 40 g 208, 50
g 241
Band 3; 10 g 114, 20 g 138,
9781398346758.indb
0
201
274
360
95 mm
Available as
eBooks on
You can use software to
plot graphs from data.
How to do this is covered
in
your Computer science
course.
10
142
200
276
363
All bands at start were
Key terms
Continuous variable – a
variable that can have any
numerical value, including
decimals.
Non-continuous variable
– a variable with values
described in words or with
numbers that have no inbetween values.
60
50
40
30
20
95
141
201
100
125
Eirin measured the total
length of an elastic band
when
it stretched as more mass
was added. She repeated
the
measurements using three
different elastic bands from
the same box.
Put this data in a results
table. Include space for
the
mean results.
O
Height (cm)
Look inside
is
A continuous variable
can have any numerical
value, for example time,
volume or temperature.
mass,
Continuous variables always
have a unit.
We use a line graph or scatter
graph when both variables
are continuous.
A non-continuous variable
has values that are words,
no in-between values, for
or numbers that have
example, colour, month
of the year, shoe size, number
of leaves on a plant. Variables
like this rarely have a unit.
We use a bar graph when
the independent variable
is non-continuous.
Bar graphs
In a bar graph the height
of the bar depends on the
value you measured (the
dependent variable), which
is plotted along a scale
on the y-axis. The bars are
with equal width. A clear
drawn
gap must be left between
the bars as the bar labels
related in any way.
are not
O
O
Worked example
This is the data collected
by Gareth as he monitored
the time
taken for diferent volumes
of water to reach 100°C.
How should Gareth present
his results in a table?
125 cm3 water took 360
X STEP 1
s, 357 s, 362 s
Identify the independent
variable and its
100 cm3 water took 275
unit to put in the first column:
s, 271 s, 276 s
Volume of
25 cm3 water took 95 s,
water (cm3).
98 s, 92 s,
X STEP 2
50 cm3 water took 140
Identify the dependent
s, 145 s, 141 s
variable and its
unit. This is the heading
75 cm3 water took 202
for the other
s, 201 s, 200 s
columns. You need more
than one column
for this variable to show
all repeats: Time
taken to reach 100 °C.
X STEP 3
SFigure 19 Gareth’s data.
Draw the table: independent
variable in
the first column, dependent
variable and its repeats
in columns 2–4, and a final
of the three repeats.
column for the mean
X STEP 4
Place data in the table. Put
the values of the independent
variable in order from lowest
X STEP 5
Calculate the mean value
to highest.
and write this in the last
column.
Volume of
Time taken to reach 100
water (cm3)
°C (s)
1
2
3
Mean
25
95
17
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