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ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS AND SOCIETIES FOR THE IB DIPLOMA
Access to History for the IB Diploma
Access to History for the IB Diploma
PRINT & EBOOK
Series editors: Andy Dailey and Philip Benson
Combine compelling narratives with academic rigour and the
widest variety of sources at this level to help students develop their
knowledge and analytical skills.
Paperbacks
Prescribed subjects
The Move to Global War • 9781471839320
Rights and Protest • 9781471839313
World history topics
Authoritarian States • 9781471839306
Causes and Effects of 20th-Century Wars • 9781471841347
The Cold War: Superpower Tensions and Rivalries • 9781471839290
HL Option 2: History of the Americas
Civil Rights and Social Movements in the Americas Post-1945 • 9781471841316
Emergence of the Americas in Global Affairs 1880–1929 • 9781444182286
The Great Depression and the Americas • 9781444156539
The Second World War and the Americas 1933–1945 • 9781471841286
Boost eBooks • 2 year access:
Prescribed subjects
The Move to Global War • 9781398370623
Rights and Protest • 9781398370609
Independence Movements • 9781398370593
World history topics
Authoritarian States • 9781398370579
Causes and Effects of 20th-Century Wars • 9781398370586
The Cold War: Superpower Tensions and Rivalries • 9781398370616
1
UNDERSTAND
Look inside
Charismatic leadership
Consolidation
states. In this book we
wide range of authoritarian
saw the emergence of a
The twentieth century
under the following leaders:
of authoritarian states
will review five case studies
l Fidel Castro
l Joseph Stalin
l Juan Perón.
l Adolf Hitler
l Mao Zedong
you study at least three
examination
2
Paper
draw
in preparation for your
is helpful to be able to
It is recommended that
to compare states so it
questions may ask you
on three areas, which will
authoritarian states. Some
on Paper 2 are focused
studies. Essay questions
ideas from different case
be explained below.
of
n■ The emergence
View free sample
material from
Access to History:
Authoritarian States
ING TERMINOLOG
Overview of
authoritarian
Here is a quick
Y
activity to reflect
states. Simply
on your understan
match up the
ding of the different
terms to their
sections that
definitions.
you might write
Term
about on authorita
Definition
rian
Authoritarian states
arian states
Overview of authorit
authoritarian states
Foreign policy
Ideology
Legal methods
Minorities
Social division
HISTORICAL
Methods used
to secure power
once an authoritar
Often political
ian state has been
measures to establish
created
writing constitutio
and maintain
power through
ns
the use of laws.
Refers to discontent
These could include
or inequality in
society
A set of guiding
ideas that are
used by individual
Policy measures
s and political
outside a state
parties. This includes
including alliances,
fascism
Method used
trade deals and
to ensure conformity
military engageme
personalit y
to the rule of a
nts
leader. This often
involves the developm
Groups in societies
ent of a cult of
that are not dominant.
authoritarian states.
They
may
experience
For example, religious
groups and different repression or more inequality
under specific
ethnic groups
CONCEPTS
Studying for this A useful tool for understa
states to come into existence.
nding the case
the habit of thinking
studies on authorita
factors that allowed these
about historical
and methods.
This section explores the
analytical skills.
rian states is
concepts when
importance of conditions
the use of
Concepts are
you engage
referred to in
should focus on the relative
your writing.
aided the creation and
with the content, historical concepts. If you
the rubric for
The concepts
country that may have
can get into
it will help you
the Paper 2 essays,
are listed below:
an important the study of
existing situation in the
to develop
History. Below
have a go at
economic depression played
so you should
Conditions refer to the
writing what
are some notes
activity.
state. For example, the
definitely engage your ideas and
as follows:
you understa
on the concepts
with them
establishment of an authoritarianrise to power. The conditions identified are
nd about these
which you could
in his
concepts in relation in
Historical concepts
have a look at
role in aiding Adolf Hitler
to
when you have
:
l social division
completed the
l change
l economic factors
l impact of war.
existing political system
techniques
l continuit
l weakness of the
y
party to gain power. These
l causality
political
and
leader
a
used by
in the
l perspecti
ves
they were actively involved
Methods refer to the techniques
l conseque
factors that suggest that
important to his
nce
are the direct and controllable example, Mao Zedong’s ideological position was
l
significan
For
ce.
Change A broad
establishment of their state.
identified are as follows:
concept within
history, this concept
popular appeal. The methods
the
coercion
types
and
of
persuasion
change
l
is used regularly.
that might occur
When thinking
within an authorita
economic or political
l role of leaders
l propaganda.
about change,
rian state as a
change. When
you could consider
result of policies.
evaluating, think
l ideology
Continu ity An
Examples include
about whether
underused, but
the implemented
social,
l force
state that you are
useful concept.
change was successf
same despite a
authoritarian or single-party
should
For this concept
governmental
ul or not.
that depending on the
writing your essay you
we can consider
system trying
It is important to note
of significance. When
to
the lack of change.
to bring about
could be explored
contributedgender
will have differing levels
a new direction
conditions and methods
What stayed the
through this concept.
studying, these factors
in policy? For
that considers how certain
Perspectives
example, attitudes
be able to develop an argument states.
An essential part
towards
of historical investigat
situation or event.
the emergence of authoritarian
ion is to consider
An example could
power
of
ce
what
be
to
looking
perspectives might
power of an authorita
at the importanc
consolidation and maintenan
exist on a certain
rian state. Perspect
e of existing condition
to be consolidated and
n■ Methods for the
including historians
ives can also include
methods used for power
s versus methods
, people from the
are concerned with the
the immediate steps
to
section
the
used
refers
this
views
in
for the rise
time and your
of different agents
Questions
Consolidation
up
Causalit
own interpreta
the authoritarian’s rule.
in the process
groups and setting
y Causality is
tions.
then maintained throughout
of history,
the bread and
borders, removing opposition
use when
reasons why somethin
butter of analytica
might include securing
of power is a term we can
to secure power, so this
l writing. This
g happened. Can
The
running of the state. Maintenance throughout the regime’s rule. What
refers to developin
you consider the
were their motivatio
political structures for the
of the state
g an understan
reasons why a
ns? Causality
ding of the
used to keep the authority
leader introduce
are as follows:
power
of
is
thinking
looking at the methods
maintenance
d specific economic
Consequence
about why somethin
the consolidation and
This concept explores
policies?
g happened or
methods identified for
changed.
the consequences
the effects of
l propaganda
something that
policy
of
propagan
foreign
of
failure
has taken place.
da or the treatmen
l legal methods
l success and
categorized in
In authoritarian
t of opposition
different ways,
of opposition.
states this might
parties. What
such as short-ter
l force
l extent and treatment
were the effects?
be
m and long-term
Significance
Consequence
l charismatic leadership
effects or cultural
We use significan
can also be
ce when consideri
and social conseque
For example, when
ng importance
nces.
considering foreign
and it is very useful
of domestic policies
political
power?
policy, what was
of social, economic,
n■ Aims and results
Could it be compared
for developing
the significance
policy through the lens
historical argument
to other factors
exploration of domestic
of these policies
be used as evidence for
s.
that may have
The final section is an
some of the policies can
towards the maintena
Plans are
had more or less
is important to note that
nce of
For example, Stalin’s Five-Year also has
impact?
and cultural policies. It
and maintenance of power.
This section
the section on consolidation
for controlling the USSR.
the state. Finally,
policy but also a method
within
domestic
a
groups
of
minority
example
an
women and
status and treatment of
a specific focus on the
had achieved.
what authoritarian rule
you should also consider
states
Available as
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uthoritarian States-SRG.i
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